Metabolism and catabolism

Metabolism is the activity and chemical processes within the living body which aims to produce energy by changing the ingredients - food ingredients derived from nature.
Metabolism (Greek: μεταβολισμος, metabolismos, changes) are all chemical reactions that occur in organisms, including those that occur at the cellular level.
In general, the metabolism of a two-way path of organic chemical reactions.
* Catabolism, ie reactions that break down organic molecules to obtain energy * Anabolisme, namely the assembling reaction of organic compounds of specific molecules, to be absorbed by the body's cells.
The two-way path of metabolism is required of every organism to survive. The direction of the path of metabolism is determined by a compound known as hormones, and dipercepatkan by organic compounds called enzymes. In organic compounds, determining the direction of chemical reactions called the promoter and determining the acceleration of chemical reactions called the catalyst.
In each direction of metabolism, chemical reactions involving a number of substrates that interact with the enzyme at the level-level reaction to produce intermediate compounds commonly known as metabolites, which is the substrate on the ladder next reaction. Overall chemical reagents involved in a reaction called metabolom level. All were studied in a branch of biology called metabolomika.

Catabolism Catabolism is a reaction breaking / dismantling of complex chemical compounds that contain high energy into simpler compounds that contain lower energy. Catabolism main objective is to liberate the energy contained in the compound source. When demolition of a substance in the environment sufficient oxygen (aerobic) is called respirad process, when in an environment without oxygen (anaerobic) is called fermentation.
Example Respiration: C6H12O6 + O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 688KKal. (Glucose)
Example of Fermentation: C6H1206 ------> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + Energy. (Glucose) (ethanol)
Respiration Respiration is a process of liberation of energy stored in the substance sources of energy through a chemical process using oxygen. Of respiration will produce the chemical energy of ATP untak life activities, such as synthesis (anabolisme), movement, growth.
Example: Respiration on glucose, a simple reaction: C6H, 206 + 6 02 ---------- -> 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + Energy (GluLosa)
Disassembly reaction of glucose to be H20 + CO2 + Energy, through three stages:
1. Glycolysis. Event changes: Glucose => Glulosa - 6 - phosphate => Fructose 1.6 diphosphate Þ 3 fosfogliseral dehid (PGAL) / trioses phosphoric acid piravat Þ. So the result of glycolysis: 1.1. 2 molecules piravat acid. 1.2. 2 molecules of NADH that serves as a source of energetic electrons high. 1.3. 2 molecules of ATP for every molecule of glucose.
2. Krebs cycle. Krebs cycle (cycle trikarboksilat) or citric acid cycle is an aerobic demolition piravat acid into CO2 and H2O as well as chemical energy
3. Respiratory electron transport. From the cycle of Krebs will be out of electrons and ions H + are taken as NADH2 (NADH + H + + 1 electron) and FADH2, so that in the mitochondria (the existence of the Krebs cycle, followed by oxidation through a system of transporting electrons) will be formed of water, as a byproduct of respiration other than CO2.
Byproduct of respiration is eventually thrown out of the body through the stomata in plants and through the lungs at a high level of animal respiratory events. The three important respiratory process may be summarized as follows:
ATP ACCEPTOR PROCESS
1. Glycolysis: Glucose -> 2 pyruvic acid 2 NADH 2 ATP 2. Krebs Cycle: 2 acetyl pyruvate -> 2 acetyl CoA + 2 C02 2 NADH 2 ATP 2 acetyl CoA -> 4 CO2 6 NADH 2 PADH2 3. Trsnspor chain electron respirator: 10 NADH + 502 -> 10 NAD + + 10 H20 30 ATP 2 FADH2 + O2 -> 2 PAD 4 ATP + 2 H20
Total 38 ATP
Conclusion: Demolition of 1 mole of glucose (C6H1206) + O2 -> 6 H20 + 6 CO2 produced as many as 38 ATP energy.
Fermentation
In most animal den plant respiration is aerobic respiration take place, however, can only occur inhibited aerobic respiration on something, then animals and plants establish a process of fermentation is the process of energy release in the absence of oxygen, other names are Anaerobic respiration. From the end of fermentation, fermentation can be divided into lactic acid / sour milk and alcohol fermentation. A. Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation is fermentation where the end result is lactic acid. These events can occur in muscle under anaerobic conditions.
Her reaction: C6H12O6 ----> 2 C2H5OCOOH + Energy enzyme
The process:
1. Glucose ----> pyruvic acid (Glycolysis process). enzyme C6H12O6 ----> 2 C2H3OCOOH + Energy
2. Piravat acid dehydrogenation of lactic acid will be formed. 2 C2H3OCOOH NADH2 ----> 2 + 2 + 2 NAD C2H5OCOOH pyruvate dehydrogenase
Energy, which rise from glycolysis to form lactic acid: 8 ATP - 2 NADH2 = 8-2 (3 ATP) = 2 ATP. B. Alcohol Fermentation In some microbial events take place because the energy release is converted into pyruvic acid acetic acid acetic acid + CO2 selanjutaya diabah into alcohol. In alcohol fermentation, one molecule of glucose can only produce 2 molecules of ATP, compared with aerobic respiration, one molecule of glucose can produce 38 molecules of ATP.
Her reaction:
1. Sugar (C6H12O6) ----> pyruvic acid (glycolysis) 2. Dekarbeksilasi pyruvic acid.
Asampiruvat --------------------> acetaldehyde + CO2. pyruvate decarboxylase (CH3CHO) 3. Acetaldehyde by alcohol dihidrogenase converted into alcohol (Ethanol). 2 CH3CHO + 2 NADH2 -----------------> 2 C2HsOH + 2 NAD. alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme Summary reaction: -----> C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 2 + Energy NADH2
C. Acid Fermentation Vinegar Acid fermentation of vinegar is an example of fermentation that takes place in aerobic conditions. Fermentation was carried out by the vinegar bacteria (Acetobacter aceti) with the substrate ethanol. The energy produced 5 times greater than the energy produced by anaerobic fermentation of alcohol. Reaction: aerobic 2 C2H5OH -----> C6H12O6 ---------------> 2 CH3COOH + H2O + 116 cal (Glucose) vinegar acid vinegar acid bacteria
From various sources