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If the prevalence and the three main nutrition problems in Indonesia is constant up to 2010 it is predicted that Indonesia will lose a very high economic value reached 186.1 trillion rupiah.
Conversely if the three main nutrition problems in Indonesia overcome by using effective intervention strategies, the intervention can bring economic value of 55.8 trillion rupiah until the year 2010 (Lingkage Profile 2002).
Intervention is a term in a political world where there are countries that meddle in the affairs of other countries are clearly not his concern. Unisex definition of intervention is excessive interference in the affairs of the social, political, economic, cultural. So that state intervention is often hated by other countries.With the condition of the health sector budget is still very limited, the economic value lost due to lack of nutrition or economic benefits that can be obtained with appropriate intervention is still a very significant figure.
As is known, the budget cost of the health sector in Indonesia is still low compared to most medical expense budget neighboring countries, less than half of Malaysia's health sector budget, and approximately only a third of the health budget in Thailand and the Philippines. Economic value lost due to nutritional problems will be far greater if taking into account the economic value lost due to other nutritional problems, especially nutrient problem.
Speaking of nutrition problems, we can not be separated from the discussion of food substances or nutrients that enter the body. Foods that are nutritious foods that contain nutrient substances needed by the body so the body can perform its functions appropriately. In other words
nutrients needed by the body for growth, tissue repair and maintenance of the body and all its functions. Since the period of fetuses, infants, teens and into adulthood and elderly (senior citizen), people need substances that are useful to assist the functions of all body organs.
The organ is a collection of some of the network to perform certain functions in the body while the body is a composite system of organs that perform certain functions.
Fairly large doses of chlorine, continued Nusa, can react with other compounds into chloroform, khlorofenol, and so forth. During these taps do not ever analyze new compounds are a result of excessive chlorine. In fact, the effect could lead to free radicals. ''So, the emergence of diseases is actually caused by poor drinking water quality,''.
Elemental iron, detergents, and other pollutants found in water although it is still clear and clean appearance.
Arie added contamination of drinking water supplied to the public purposes can be caused by industrial waste, domestic waste, hazardous materials and toxic wastes, corrosion of piping and also due to a byproduct of the disinfection process with chlorine compounds. Process''contamination can occur ranging from raw water source, during processing or in the distribution pipeline.''
Therefore, continued Arie, the Indonesian population is still difficult even now freed from diarrheal diseases, cholera, dysentery to typhoid fever. Therefore, the disease associated with water (waterborne deseases).''
Looking at the relationship between the quality of public health with clean water consumed interrelated. In addition to diarrhea, typhoid, cholera or dysentery, other diseases that are commonly found is the hepatitis A and acute anterior poliomelistis.
Both these studies emphasize the importance of public knowledge about the dangers of chemicals in drinking water. ''Many people have found poisoned drinking water because of chemical compounds in drinking water exceeding the allowed threshold concentration,''.
Actually, this chemical compound can be natural or caused by human activities pollute the drinking water. Some chemicals that are toxic to the human body are heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons hazardous substances, radioactive substances of natural or artificial, and so forth.
An example is nitrate commonly found in agricultural activities. Nitrate pollution caused by agricultural waste water containing nitrate compounds resulting from the use of nitrogen fertilizer (urea).
Nitrate compounds in drinking water in large quantities causes methaemoglobinameia. This disease is a condition of hemoglobin in the blood turned into methaemoglobin, thus blood oxygen deficiency.
Flouride (F) is a natural chemical compounds in water at various concentrations. At small concentrations around 1.5 mg / l would be beneficial to dental health. If a high concentration (more than 2 mg / l) cause tooth decay (dental-bercak0 spots.''When even bigger 3-6 mg / l caused damage to the bone. Dose Flouride in drinking water maximum of 0.8 mg / l .''
Another dangerous element is mercury (merkurium, Hg) is a toxic heavy metal element to the body. Merkurium due to industrial wastes have caused fatalities in the case of Minamata Japan, 1950.
Should not be any water to drink contaminated cadmium (Cd). Drinking water usually contains Cd with a concentration of 1 ug or sometimes reaches 5 ug. WHO has issued recommendations Cd concentration in drinking water of 0.01 mg / l, while the Government Regulation No. 20/1990 maximum concentration of Cd in the drinking water of 0.005 mg / l.
Other toxic substances commonly found in Selenium seleniferous area (rainfed). In such areas the content of selenium in groundwater (wells) or surface can be high. WHO set the levels of selenium in drinking water of 0.01 mg / l, while the Government Regulation No. 20/1990 recommends that permitted levels of selenium 0.01 mg / l.
WATER is a basic requirement of living things. When humans, animals, plants and water shortages, it will die. Anyway, very extensive water damage to life, especially for food and drinking water. People will be dehydration or disease if the lack of fluid in the body.
Trouble is, the current drinking water quality in major cities in Indonesia are still apprehensive. Population density, spatial structure is wrong and the high exploitation of water resources is very influential on the quality of water.
Two experts expressed the opinion that water and wastewater Arie Herlambang and Nusa Idaman Said of the Centre for Environmental Technology Application Pengajian and friend to the media recently.
Nusa Idaman Said explained the government had issued a subsystem No 907/Menkes/SK/VII/2002 to the Terms and Drinking Water Quality Monitoring.
Terms of drinking water''in accordance Permenkes should be free of inorganic materials and organic. In other words the quality of drinking water must be free of bacteria, chemicals, toxic, hazardous and so forth,''said Arie.
Drinking water quality parameters that relate directly to health in accordance Permenkes is related to microbiology, such as E. coli and coliform. Associated with organic chemicals such as arsenic, Flouride, chromium, cadmium, nitrite, cyanide and selenium.
While the parameters are not directly related to health, among others, in the form of odor, color, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, taste, and temperature. For chemical parameters such as aluminum, iron, chloride, manganese, pH, zinc, sulfate, copper, residual chlorine and ammonia.
Water pollution in the region major cities in Indonesia, continued Arie, very big. Based on statistical data of BPS (Statistics Indonesia) DKI Jakarta in 1998 approximately 50% of households using tap water (taps), soil water using pumps at 42.67%, dig wells and the other 3.16% 0.63%.
''The problems start to appear on the product quality of drinking water. The water quality of rivers and ground water is less qualified. Many people dispose of garbage, sewage and waste into the rivers. In fact, there are other ways to dispose of hazardous waste plant at a depth of several meters,''said Arie.
Furthermore, he explains the source of clean water in Jakarta came from the Citarum River (80%), Cisadane (15%) and the rest Ciliwung. Those rivers across various rural, residential, industrial, and transportation is quite solid. However, public awareness in protecting the environment is still low, so the river one of the natural resources vulnerable to contamination.
In rural areas the community was experiencing a crisis worthy of drinking water. Excessive use of pesticides contaminate the water in the paddy fields which then flows into the river and used the community to everyday life.
Not a few villagers were washed with detergent at the edge of time. Similarly, the coastal community was having trouble finding fresh water. Consequently, they use sea water with high salt content.
''In the meantime, water treatment technology used is still lagging taps. In the processing of raw water into potable water taps technology used only eliminates bacteria E. Coli and iron. While the content of a carcinogen was never done''.
For non-LBW infants, in general they have the nutritional status at birth is approximately equal to the nutritional status of infants in the United States. But with age, coupled with nutrient intake is lower than kebutuhari and the high burden of infectious diseases at awalawal life then most babies Indonesia steadily declining nutritional status with a peak decrease at approximately 18-24 months of age.
In this age group the prevalence of children under five thin (wasting) and toddler short (stunted) reached the highest. Once past the age of 24 months, the nutritional status of children in general has improved although not perfect. Malnourished children under five who have a higher risk of death compared to infants who are not undernourished. Each year approximately 11 million and under five died worldwide due to infectious diseases such as ARI, diarrhea, malaria, measles, etc..
Ironically, 54% and deaths associated with malnutrition. Malnutrition among children under five include lack of energy and protein as well as lack of nutrients such as vitainin A, iron, iodine and zinc. Like the MMR, child mortality in Indonesia is also the highest in ASEAN. Infancy all the more important therefore is a critical time in an effort to create quality human resources.
Moreover the last six months of pregnancy and the first two years after the birth of a golden period in which brain cells are experiencing optimal growth and development. Failure to thrive due to malnutrition in this golden period will have a negative impact on subsequent life difficult repair. Children who suffer from malnutrition (stunted), weight has an average IQ of 11 points more
lower than average kids who are not stunted.
Prevalence of underweight children under five and year to year has decreased significantly. Preva! Ensi infants less nutritious (Z Scores Weight Loss by Age) reached 37.5%. In subsequent years the prevalence of malnourished children under five continued to decline so that the prevalence of malnourished children under five to 24.7%. But after Indonesia's multi-dimensional crisis, the prevalence is increasing again in a row to 26.1%, 27.3% and 27.5%.
Other malnutrition problems faced by children aged under five is a deficiency of micro nutrients like vitainin A, iron, iodine, and so forth. More and 50% of children under five vitainin A subclinical deficiency is characterized by serum retinol <20 mcg / dL, and one in two (48.1%) of them suffer from iron deficiency anemia.
As has been known that children who are less vitainin A even though the degree is to have a high risk for impaired pertumbuhari, suffering from some infectious diseases such as measles and diarrhea and, more important is that vitainin A deficiency is responsible for 23% of deaths of children under five around the world.
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